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Viola wailenalenae

(Rock) Skottsb. (1940)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Violaceae Genus: Viola

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Terrestrial or epiphytic, erect, usually unbranched subshrubs 1–5 dm tall, glabrous.

Stems:

Roots: Taprooted.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, clustered toward the ends of the branches. Blades elliptic–ovate, slightly fleshy, 8–18 cm long, 3.5–6 cm wide. Apex short-acuminate to subacute. Base broadly cuneate or occasionally subtruncate. Surfaces glabrous. Margins closely callose–serrulate, the teeth incurved; margins fimbriate, the teeth ca. 1–3 mm long. Petioles 1.5–3.5 cm long. Stipules thin, deltate,15–27 mm long, 5–6.7 mm wide.

Flowers: Flowers axillary, apparently all chasmogamous, 1–2 per peduncle; Peduncles 10–17 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect); pedicels 20–50 mm long, bracteoles slightly above middle. Calyx of 5 sepals, sepals narrowly lanceolate to oblong–lanceolate, upper one ca. 6–8 mm long, lateral ones ca. 7.5–8.6mm long, lower ones ca. 7– 9 mm long, slightly prolonged at base. Corolla of 5 petals, white, upper ones ca. 7–11.5 mm long, lateral ones ca. 8–14 mm long, lower one ca. 10–15 mm long. Stamens 5, 4.6–5 mm long, connective of lower ones prolonged into a nose–shaped structure ca. 1.3 m long; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-carpellate, 1-celled; ovules numerous per placenta, placentation parietal; anatropous; style 1.

Fruit: Capsules ca. 13–15 mm long. Seeds numerous; obovoid; ca. 1.8–1.9 mm long; ca. 1.2 mm in diameter; with fleshy; oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Wet forests and bog hummocks.

Elevation Range: 1,220–1,410 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Acta Horti Gothob. 13: 462 (1940)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1336 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Low canopied wet native forest. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron overstory with Cibotium and Coprosma sp., Dianella sandwicensis. Preserved_Specimen Small woody plant, 80 cm tall. Persistent stipules or scales along stem. Fls creamwhite. Lvs deep green, ca 10 cm long. Growing in shaded understory. Seed accessioned to Living Collections (080633) Trauernicht, C. 527 Kauai BISH 2008-06-24
2 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen 1-3 ft. tall. Flower pale cream-colored. Christensen, C. 97 Kauai BISH 1976-12-14
3 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland-fernland with occasional small open bogs w Metrosideros, Cheirodendron spp, Dubautia imbricata subsp. acronaea, Dubautia paleata, Sadleria cyatheoides, S. pallida, S. squarrosa, Antidesma, Astelia argyrocoma, Bidens forbesii, Broussaisia arguta Preserved_Specimen Erect sub-shrub, woody stems single occasionally branched, leaves glossy green, corolla cream white, immature fruit light green, ca. 100 plants in 500 sq m area Wood, K.R. 19430 Kauai BISH 2024-01-18
4 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris wet forest and deeply carved drainage with riparian vegetation Kadua affinis, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Coprosma kauaiensis, Syzgium sandwicensis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Dubautia raillardioides, D. laxa, Melicope wawrana, M. clusiifolia, Myrsins wawrana Preserved_Specimen sub-shrub, up to 50 cm tall, few branched, with old flower and fruiting capsules, ca. 10 plants Wood, K.R. 15285 Kauai BISH 2012-11-08
5 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed montane wet forest w/Kadua affinis, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Dubautia laevigata, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Smilax melastomifolia, Polyscias waialealae, Syzygium sandwicensis, Psychotria mariniana, Vaccinium calycinum, V. dent Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 1 m tall, few branched, in flower and early fruit, locally common. Wood, K.R. 18043 Kauai BISH 2019-01-03
6 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron forest. Growing in moist, shaded understory with Hedyotis terminalis, Styphelia, Vaccinium spp, and Dodonaea viscosa. Preserved_Specimen Small shrub, 0.5 m tall. White petals, greenish-purple calyx. Lvs with serrated margins. Trauernicht, C. 512 Kauai BISH 2008-06-06
7 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest. Growing with ferns, moss on log across trail. Plts seen only on 2 logs in this area. a few were seen in forest on other side of log. Preserved_Specimen Epiphytic. Tallest plt 2 ft. Fls white. Davis, J. Kauai BISH 1976-06-01
8 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron Montane Wet Forest with sedges, grasses, and bryophytes. Epiphytes are common in the shrub layer. Associated plants: Adenophorus periens, Trematolobelia, Dubautia, Elaeocarpus, Dicranopteris, Vaccinium, Cheirodendron, Cyrtandra confertiflora var. obovata, Perrottetia, Mariscus, Sadleria, Coprosma, Hedyotis. Weeds: Rubus argutus and R. rosifolius, Hedychium gardnerianum, Erigeron karvinskianus. Collected along stream. Preserved_Specimen 30 cm. tall herb; in flower and fruit; rare in area. Ca. 30 plants seen. Wood, K.R. 1745 Kauai BISH 1992-03-30
9 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Sloping bogs with adjacent Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest with small side streams and wind swept slopes w/Rhynchospora rugosa lavarum, Racomitrium, Oreobolus, Viola wailenalenae, Myrsine helleri, Lobelia villosa, L. hypoleuca, Sadleria pallida, Machaerina angustifolia, Gahnia beecheyi, Gahnia vitiensis Preserved_Specimen Shrubs, up to 1 m tall, few branched, stems gray, locally common, ca. 500 plantws in surrounding region Wood, K.R. 16012 Kauai BISH 2014-07-30
10 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mixed bog, rolling hills of pali in wind swept zone. w/ Metrosideros polymorpha var. pumila and M. p. glaberrima, Dicranopteris linearis, Machaerina angustifolia, Carex spp., Rhynchospora spp., Vaccinium spp., Lobelia villosa, Laboridia pumila, Lagenifer Preserved_Specimen terrestrial sub-shrub up to 50 cm tall, leaves clustered apically, green with purple tinge, corolla white, seed collected ca 500 in general area. Wood, K.R. 12537 Kauai BISH 2007-09-08
11 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10804 Kauai BISH 1930-12-27
12 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Swampy forest Preserved_Specimen fls white St.John, H. 22919 Kauai BISH 1947-12-22
13 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ohia woods Preserved_Specimen Small, sparingly branched, 2-2.5 ft tall. Corolla white & lavender. Rare. Crosby, M.R. 2013 Kauai BISH 1964-08-12
14 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest Preserved_Specimen Epiphytically rooted at a ht of 1m in bryophyte bed covering ohia stump. Takeuchi, W.N. 135 Kauai BISH 1983-07-31
15 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest 80% closed canopy, 10-12 m tall, with Cheirodendron trigynum, Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Dracaena au Preserved_Specimen sub-shrub, up to 50 cm tall, along stream banks, in flower and fruit, ca. 100+ plants Wood, K.R. 15087 Kauai BISH 2012-07-12
16 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet plateau, ohia forest, in moss in shady places Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 108 Kauai BISH 1969-05-14
17 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen 1-3 ft. tall. Flower pale cream-colored. Christensen, C. 97 Kauai BISH 1976-12-14
18 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In heavy shade with Elaphoglossum alatum, & Peperomia. Dense ohia pole stand. At base of Cheirodendron fauriei. Preserved_Specimen 1 ft individual. Takeuchi, W.N. 136 Kauai BISH 1983-07-31
19 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees & a treefern & native shrub understory. Partially exposed slope. Occasional; local. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 3383 Kauai BISH 1981-05-12
20 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Epiphytic or terrestrial. Plts to 1 ft tall, unbranched. Foliage coriaceous, usually chlorotic appearing, rarely purple beneath. Fl purple to whitish. Occasional. Herbst, D.R. 2170 Kauai BISH 1971-10-03
21 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 409 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
22 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1665 Kauai BISH 1964-12-29
23 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8852 Kauai BISH 1911-10-21
24 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8852 Kauai BISH 1911-10-21
25 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Brodie, A. 17025 Kauai BISH 1909-01-01
26 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17290 Kauai BISH 1920-01-01
27 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Selling, O. 2873 Kauai BISH 1938-08-13
28 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 895 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
29 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 997 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
30 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1054 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
31 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8852 Kauai BISH 1911-10-21
32 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8852 Kauai BISH 1911-10-21
33 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8852 Kauai BISH 1911-10-21
34 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
35 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open bog. W/ Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dubautia paleata, Lysimachia daphnoides, Rhynchospora spicaeformis, Drosera anglica, Carex montis-eeka, Viola kauaiensis, Oreoboius furcata, Lagenifera erici, Machaerin Preserved_Specimen Upright shrub 1-2 ft ht with flower, fruit, flower white Perlman, S. 22997 Kauai BISH 2012-09-18
36 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details bog edge; Platanthera, Metrosideros, Oreobolus, Styphelia, Lysimachia daphnoides, Coprosma elliptica, Gahnia, Cheirodendron, Cibotium, Hedyotis terminalis, Viola kauaiensis, Myrsine petiolata, Vaccinium, Rhynchospora, Carex montis-eeka, Dubautia paleata Preserved_Specimen 1 m; fruit; flower white Perlman, S. 18637 Kauai BISH 2003-10-10
37 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest Preserved_Specimen 1 m Takeuchi, W.N. 46 Kauai BISH 1982-10-30
38 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirondendron wet forest, riparian. W/ Melicope clusiifolia, Psychotria mariniana, Vaccinium calycinum, Tetraplasandra waialealae, Dubautia laxa, D. railardioides, Syzygium sandwicensis, rich with ferns and bryophytes Preserved_Specimen single stems gray, up to 1 m tall, in flower and fruit, ca. 200 along banks Wood, K.R. 14394 Kauai BISH 2010-10-08
39 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet fores and riparian habitat with Ilex anomala, Kadua affinis, Psychotria mariniana, Psychotria hexandra, Coprosma kauaiensis, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Syzygium sandwicensis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Dubautia raillardioides, Dubautia laxa, Dubautia knuds. Preserved_Specimen Sub-shrub, single stem, occasionally few branched, stems gray, corolla white, flower and fruit, up to 45 cm. tall, preferring banks of stream, about 100 in colony. Wood, K.R. 17123 Kauai BISH 2016-09-28
40 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros bogs and Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest with Cibotium, Vaccinium, Myrsine, Rhynchospora, Viola, Melicope, Styphelia, Stenogyne, Drosera, Lagenifera, Dubautia paleata, Labordia, Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 9204 Kauai BISH 1988-05-19
41 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Swamp forest. Epiphytic in moss cushions on Metrosideros sp. Preserved_Specimen Erect herb, 30-50 cm. Woody, stems shiny light brown in lower parts, green in upper parts. Lvs yellowish green above, lighter below. Fls white, frt yellowish white. van Royen, P. 11714 Kauai BISH 1977-09-01
42 Viola wailenalenae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland/ fernland, highg summit slopes w/ Phychotria mariniana, Kadua affins, melicope clusiifolia, M. waialealae, Vaccinium calycinum, Coprosma kauensis, Dubautia Laxa, D. paleata, D. imbricata acronaea, Broussaisia arguta, Bidens forbes Preserved_Specimen Sub-shrub, 25 cm tall, woody stem, occasional along ridges, with V. Kauaensis Wood, K.R. 15465 Kauai BISH 2013-04-03
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